People living in northern atoll locations received higher doses and were subject to greater cancer risks. For specific populations the doses and the risk varied widely depending on location. Due to uncertainly inherent to these analyses, the authors calculated a 90% confidence interval of 0.4% to 3.6%. The authors estimate that as much as 1.6% of all cancers (about 170 cancers) among those alive between 19 might be attributable to radiation exposures resulting from nuclear testing fallout. The assessment of cancer risks is for all Marshallese alive at any time during the years 1948 through 1970. The information is presented by atoll, nuclear test, and year of age of the population at time of exposure. The investigators estimated tissue-specific absorbed doses at all historically inhabited atolls from internal (ingested) and external radiation. The analyses include populations living on all inhabited atolls (except the nuclear test site atolls which were unoccupied) and include dose contributions from each of the 20 nuclear tests that resulted in measurable fallout according to the NCI analysis. NCI's findings are based on the most detailed dose reconstruction to date. These findings, reported in eight papers covering the subjects of external dose, internal dose, cancer risk projections, as well as the methodologies of dose reconstruction, are the result of several years of work to provide more precise estimates of cancer risk. In a considerably more thorough analysis published in the August 2010 issue of the journal Health Physics, NCI presents revised estimates of the number of excess (radiation-related) cancers for those residents who were exposed to radioactive fallout. That analysis was based on a number of conservative assumptions designed to avoid underestimating the actual cancer risks and used information that could be collected quickly to provide a timely response. In September 2004, the NCI provided the Committee with preliminary cancer risk estimates and a discussion of their basis in a report titled Estimation of the Baseline Number of Cancers Among Marshallese and the Number of Cancers Attributable to Exposure to Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Testing Conducted in the Marshall Islands (PDF). nuclear weapons tests that were conducted there from 1946 through 1958. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources asked the NCI to provide its expert opinion on the baseline cancer risk and number of cancers expected among residents of the Marshall Islands as a result of exposures to radioactive fallout from U.S. Publications bibiography related to Radiation Dosimetry and Cancer Risk Estimates for the Republic of the Marshall Islands Bibliography of Marshall Islands REB Publications
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